Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that utilizes light-sensitive compounds known as photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. When activated by specific wavelengths of light, these agents generate reactive oxygen species that target and destroy cancerous tissue while sparing surrounding healthy cells. Because it is minimally invasive, PDT has been gaining traction as an option for various cancer types, including skin, breast, and lung cancers.
Recent advances in this field have led to improved treatment protocols, including combination therapies that synergize PDT with chemotherapy or immunotherapy (photo-immunotherapy). Research is also expanding the applications of PDT to include not only tumor ablation but also its potential use in the treatment of precancerous lesions and as a palliative measure for symptom relief in advanced cancers. Furthermore, development of novel photosensitizers and advanced light delivery methods has been instrumental in enhancing the efficacy and safety of PDT and novel drug delivery systems like nanoparticles and liposomes are also being explored to improve the selectivity of photosensitizers.
Despite its promise, PDT faces challenges such as depth penetration limitations, the selectivity of photosensitizers, and tumor resistance mechanisms. Addressing these issues, along with reducing side effects like skin sensitivity, remains a key focus of ongoing research.
This Collection invites contributions that address both the current landscape and future directions in PDT for cancer treatment. Topics include, but are not limited to:
- Novel photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy
- Mechanisms of phototoxicity and resistance in cancer treatment
- Tumor microenvironment factors influencing PDT efficacy
- Combination therapies involving PDT: photo-immunotherapy and other modalities
- Advances in imaging techniques for monitoring of PDT
- Study protocol and clinical trials of PDT in various cancer types
- Personalized and targeted approaches in PDT
- Challenges and limitations of PDT in clinical settings
- Regulatory considerations for PDT-based therapies
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